🩺 Part 2 - Mold and Health: What the Science Says

When it comes to mold, most homeowners worry about stains, smells, and structural damage. But the real concern—especially for families—is how mold affects our health. In this second installment of our mold education series, we’ll explore what the science says about mold-related illness, who’s most vulnerable, and how to interpret symptoms in the context of indoor environments.

What Happens When We’re Exposed to Mold?

Mold releases microscopic spores and fragments into the air. These particles can be inhaled, ingested, or come into contact with skin. According to the CDC, exposure to damp and moldy environments may cause a range of health effects—or none at all. For sensitive individuals, even low-level exposure can trigger symptoms.

Common Symptoms Include:

•            Respiratory issues: Stuffy nose, coughing, wheezing, sore throat

•            Eye and skin irritation: Itchy eyes, rashes, burning sensations

•            Headaches and fatigue: Especially in poorly ventilated spaces

•            Asthma exacerbation: Mold exposure can worsen asthma symptoms or even contribute to its development

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) found sufficient evidence linking indoor mold exposure to upper respiratory tract symptoms, cough, and wheeze in otherwise healthy individuals.

Who’s Most Vulnerable?

While anyone can react to mold, certain populations are at significantly higher risk:

👶 Children

•            Infants in moldy homes are three times more likely to develop asthma by age 7

•            School-age children exposed to mold report more asthma symptom days than peers in mold-free environments

👵 Elderly Adults

•            Age-related immune decline makes older adults more susceptible to respiratory infections triggered by mold exposure

🫁 Immunocompromised Individuals

•            People with chronic lung disease, cancer, or undergoing chemotherapy may develop fungal infections from mold exposure

🧬 People with Allergies or Asthma

•            Mold spores act as allergens, triggering inflammation and airway constriction

•            Aspergillus fumigatus has been linked to fungal asthma, a condition marked by mucus overproduction and airway obstruction

🧠 Mold and Mental Health

While mold is most often associated with respiratory symptoms, a growing body of research suggests that prolonged exposure to damp, moldy environments may also affect mental and cognitive health. This is especially relevant in homes where moisture problems persist over time, such as in poorly ventilated crawlspaces, basements, or water-damaged areas that go unaddressed.

Emerging Associations:

•            Cognitive Effects: Studies have linked chronic mold exposure to symptoms like memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and confusion. A 2007 study published in Environmental Health Perspectives found that individuals living in mold-contaminated homes reported significantly more cognitive and neurological symptoms than those in unaffected homes.

•            Mood and Emotional Health: The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) notes that mold exposure may contribute to increased rates of depression, anxiety, and irritability. This may be due to both biological and environmental stressors—such as inflammation triggered by mold exposure and the psychological toll of living in a visibly deteriorating or unhealthy space.

•            Sleep Disruption: Mold-related allergens can cause nasal congestion and coughing, which interfere with sleep quality. Poor sleep, in turn, exacerbates mood disorders and cognitive fatigue.

It’s important to note that while these associations are supported by observational studies, causation is still being explored. However, the correlation is strong enough that many public health agencies—including the World Health Organization—recommend addressing mold not only for physical health, but for overall well-being.

Mycotoxins: What’s Real and What’s Hype?

Some molds produce mycotoxins, toxic compounds that can cause illness if ingested. However, the American College of Medical Toxicology (ACMT) emphasizes that:

In other words, while mycotoxins are real, the idea that inhaling them in typical home environments causes chronic illness is not supported by scientific consensus. ACMT warns against unvalidated tests and costly detox treatments that lack medical legitimacy.

🔍 What Should Homeowners Watch For?

Mold doesn’t always announce itself with black spots or a pungent odor. In fact, some of the most serious mold problems are hidden behind walls, under flooring, or in attic and crawlspace cavities. That’s why homeowners should be alert to both environmental clues and health patterns that may suggest a hidden moisture or mold issue.

Environmental Red Flags:

•            Persistent musty odors, especially in basements, bathrooms, or laundry areas

•            Water stains or discoloration on ceilings, drywall, or baseboards

•            Peeling paint or bubbling wallpaper, which may indicate trapped moisture

•            Condensation on windows or walls, especially in winter

•            Warped flooring or sagging drywall, often caused by prolonged dampness

•            Visible mold growth, even in small patches, especially near plumbing or HVAC systems

Health-Related Clues:

•            Symptoms that improve when away from home (e.g., on vacation or at work)

•            Recurring respiratory issues in children or elderly family members

•            Increased use of allergy medications or inhalers at home

•            Frequent sinus infections or headaches with no clear cause

When to Call a Professional:

If you notice any of the above signs—or if your home has a history of leaks, flooding, or high humidity—it’s wise to schedule a professional inspection. At Altamaha Home Inspections, we use moisture meters, thermal imaging, and air sampling (when warranted) to identify hidden issues and help you make informed decisions.

What’s Next in the Series?

In Part 3, we’ll walk through how mold is detected—what tools inspectors use, how sampling works, and what limitations exist. You’ll learn how Altamaha Home Inspections approaches mold detection with precision and transparency.

If you’re concerned about mold in your home or want to schedule a comprehensive inspection, Altamaha Home Inspections is here to help. We combine technical expertise with client education—because your peace of mind starts with understanding.